The resolution, adopted by a vote of 123 to 3, urges countries involved in the slave trade to take concrete steps toward justice, including compensation and the return of stolen cultural artifacts.
The United States, Israel, and Argentina voted against the measure, while several European nations abstained.
The proposal was led by Ghana, with President John Mahama describing the move as a step toward healing and justice.
UN Secretary-General António Guterres said the slave trade devastated millions and was justified through racist ideology.
However, the United States has rejected the resolution, arguing it does not recognise a legal right to reparations for historical acts.
Despite being non-binding, the resolution highlights ongoing calls for accountability over a trade that saw millions of Africans enslaved and displaced.
