New Artefacts Unearthed from ‘Holy Grail of Shipwrecks’— Legendary 18th Century Spanish Galleon San José, Including Anchor and Glass Bottles, Off Cartagena, Colombia Reveal Unprecedented Archaeological Evidence
Fiona Nanna, ForeMedia News
5 minutes read. Updated 1:59PM GMT Fri, 9August, 2024
In a groundbreaking development, new artefacts have been unearthed from the legendary 18th-century Spanish galleon San José, often referred to as the “holy grail of shipwrecks.” This historical find, located off the coast of Cartagena, Colombia, continues to captivate the world with its promise of untold riches and unresolved mysteries.
The San José, a vessel of the Spanish Navy, was tragically sunk by British forces in 1708. The ship, en route to Cartagena, was laden with a vast fortune in gold and silver coins. The galleon’s discovery at a secret location in 2015 marked a significant moment in maritime archaeology, but it was not until May 2024 that the first robotic exploration began. This exploration has uncovered what is estimated to be up to £16 billion in treasure, making it one of the most valuable shipwrecks ever discovered.
The Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History reported an “unprecedented set of archaeological evidence” from this latest exploration. Among the new artefacts found are a ship’s anchor, glass bottles, and a bedpan, which offer a glimpse into life aboard the ill-fated vessel. These discoveries provide invaluable insights into the 18th-century maritime world and its tragic end.
Alhena Caicedo, Director of the Colombian Institute of Anthropology and History, highlighted the significance of the finds, stating that they include “a series of new materials that we hadn’t seen before.” Among these are remnants of wood and parts of the ship’s hull, as well as various items such as nails, jars, and ceramics.
The San José’s cargo included one of the largest amounts of valuables ever lost at sea, including chests of emeralds and approximately 200 tons of gold coins. At the time of its sinking, the ship was transporting its precious cargo to the Spanish king to fund his war against the British. Tragically, nearly 600 crew members perished in the Caribbean Sea.
The exploration of the San José is a top priority for Colombian President Gustavo Petro, who aims to recover the shipwreck before the end of his term in 2026. However, the quest for the San José’s treasures is mired in controversy. Spain asserts that the San José is a “ship of state,” thus its contents are protected under a UN convention that Colombia has not ratified. Additionally, indigenous Qhara Qhara Bolivians claim that the riches were stolen from them.
Adding to the complexity, the US-based salvage company Sea Search Armada has taken Colombia to the UN’s Permanent Court of Arbitration, seeking £7.8 billion in compensation, alleging that it was the first to discover the vessel over 40 years ago.
As the debate over ownership and treasure recovery continues, the newly uncovered artefacts from the San José not only shed light on a pivotal historical event but also underscore the enduring intrigue and value of this remarkable shipwreck.
